Returns a Double specifying the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows (payments and receipts) and a discount rate.

Function NPV( _
   ByVal Rate As Double, _
   ByRef ValueArray() As Double _
) As Double

Parameters

Rate

Required. Double specifying discount rate over the length of the period, expressed as a decimal.

ValueArray()

Required. Array of Double specifying cash flow values. The array must contain at least one negative value (a payment) and one positive value (a receipt).

Exceptions/Errors

Remarks

The net present value of an investment is the current value of a future series of payments and receipts.

The NPV function uses the order of values within the array to interpret the order of payments and receipts. Be sure to enter your payment and receipt values in the correct sequence.

The NPV investment begins one period before the date of the first cash flow value and ends with the last cash flow value in the array.

The net present value calculation is based on future cash flows. If your first cash flow occurs at the beginning of the first period, the first value must be added to the value returned by NPV and must not be included in the cash flow values of ValueArray().

The NPV function is similar to the PV function (present value) except that the PV function allows cash flows to begin either at the end or the beginning of a period. Unlike the variable NPV cash flow values, PV cash flows must be fixed throughout the investment.

Example

This example uses the NPV function to return the net present value for a series of cash flows contained in the array Values(). RetRate represents the fixed internal rate of return.

Sub TestNPV()
   Dim Guess, RetRate, NetPVal, values(4) As Double
   Dim Fmt, Msg As String
   Fmt = "###,##0.00"   ' Define money format.
   Guess = 0.1  ' Guess starts at 10 percent.
   RetRate = 0.0625  ' Set fixed internal rate.
   values(0) = -70000   ' Business start-up costs.
   ' Positive cash flows reflecting income for four successive years.
   values(1) = 22000 : values(2) = 25000
   values(3) = 28000 : values(4) = 31000
   NetPVal = NPV(RetRate, values)   ' Calculate net present value.
   Msg = "The net present value of these cash flows is "
   Msg = Msg & Format(NetPVal, Fmt) & "."
   MsgBox(Msg)    ' Display net present value.
End Sub

See Also

DDB Function | FV Function | IPmt Function | IRR Function | MIRR Function | NPer Function | Pmt Function | PPmt Function | PV Function | Rate Function | SLN Function | SYD Function | ArgumentException