Creating Unit Tests for ASP.NET MVC Applications (VB)
Learn how to create unit tests for controller actions. In this tutorial, Stephen Walther demonstrates how to test whether a controller action returns a particular view, returns a particular set of data, or returns a different type of action result.
The goal of this tutorial is to demonstrate how you can write unit tests for the controllers in your ASP.NET MVC applications. We discuss how to build three different types of unit tests. You learn how to test the view returned by a controller action, how to test the View Data returned by a controller action, and how to test whether or not one controller action redirects you to a second controller action.
Creating the Controller under Test
Let’s start by creating the controller that we intend to test. The controller, named the ProductController, is contained in Listing 1.
Listing 1 – ProductController.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Public Class ProductController
2: Inherits System.Web.Mvc.Controller
3:
4: Function Index()
5: ' Add action logic here
6: Throw New NotImplementedException()
7: End Function
8:
9: Function Details(ByVal Id As Integer)
10: Return View("Details")
11: End Function
12: End Class
The ProductController contains two action methods named Index() and Details(). Both action methods return a view. Notice that the Details() action accepts a parameter named Id.
Testing the View returned by a Controller
Imagine that we want to test whether or not the ProductController returns the right view. We want to make sure that when the ProductController.Details() action is invoked, the Details view is returned. The test class in Listing 2 contains a unit test for testing the view returned by the ProductController.Details() action.
Listing 2 – ProductControllerTest.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting
2: Imports System.Web.Mvc
3: Imports Store
4:
5: <TestClass()> Public Class ProductControllerTest
6: <TestMethod()> Public Sub TestDetailsView()
7: Dim controller As New ProductController()
8: Dim result As ViewResult = controller.Details(2)
9: Assert.AreEqual("Details", result.ViewName)
10:
11: End Sub
12: End Class
The class in Listing 2 includes a test method named TestDetailsView(). This method contains three lines of code. The first line of code creates a new instance of the ProductController class. The second line of code invokes the controller’s Details() action method. Finally, the last line of code checks whether or not the view returned by the Details() action is the Details view.
The ViewResult.ViewName property represents the name of the view returned by a controller. One big warning about testing this property. There are two ways that a controller can return a view. A controller can explicitly return a view like this:
[!code-vbMain]
1: Function Details(ByVal Id As Integer)
2: Return View("Details")
3: End Function
Alternatively, the name of the view can be inferred from the name of the controller action like this:
[!code-vbMain]
1: Function Details(ByVal Id As Integer)
2: Return View()
3: End Function
This controller action also returns a view named Details. However, the name of the view is inferred from the action name. If you want to test the view name, then you must explicitly return the view name from the controller action.
You can run the unit test in Listing 2 by either entering the keyboard combination Ctrl-R, A or by clicking the Run All Tests in Solution button (see Figure 1). If the test passes, you’ll see the Test Results window in Figure 2.
Figure 01: Run All Tests in Solution (Click to view full-size image)
Figure 02: Success! (Click to view full-size image)
Testing the View Data returned by a Controller
An MVC controller passes data to a view by using something called View Data. For example, imagine that you want to display the details for a particular product when you invoke the ProductController Details() action. In that case, you can create an instance of a Product class (defined in your model) and pass the instance to the Details view by taking advantage of View Data.
The modified ProductController in Listing 3 includes an updated Details() action that returns a Product.
Listing 3 – ProductController.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Public Class ProductController
2: Inherits System.Web.Mvc.Controller
3:
4: Function Index()
5: ' Add action logic here
6: Throw New NotImplementedException()
7: End Function
8:
9: Function Details(ByVal Id As Integer)
10: Dim product As New Product(Id, "Laptop")
11: Return View("Details", product)
12: End Function
13: End Class
First, the Details() action creates a new instance of the Product class that represents a laptop computer. Next, the instance of the Product class is passed as the second parameter to the View() method.
You can write unit tests to test whether the expected data is contained in view data. The unit test in Listing 4 tests whether or not a Product representing a laptop computer is returned when you call the ProductController Details() action method.
Listing 4 – ProductControllerTest.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting
2: Imports System.Web.Mvc
3: Imports Store
4:
5: <TestClass()> Public Class ProductControllerTest
6:
7: <TestMethod()> Public Sub TestDetailsViewData()
8: Dim controller As New ProductController()
9: Dim result As ViewResult = controller.Details(2)
10: Dim product As Product = result.ViewData.Model
11: Assert.AreEqual("Laptop", product.Name)
12: End Sub
13: End Class
In Listing 4, the TestDetailsView() method tests the View Data returned by invoking the Details() method. The ViewData is exposed as a property on the ViewResult returned by invoking the Details() method. The ViewData.Model property contains the product passed to the view. The test simply verifies that the product contained in the View Data has the name Laptop.
Testing the Action Result returned by a Controller
A more complex controller action might return different types of action results depending on the values of the parameters passed to the controller action. A controller action can return a variety of types of action results including a ViewResult, RedirectToRouteResult, or JsonResult.
For example, the modified Details() action in Listing 5 returns the Details view when you pass a valid product Id to the action. If you pass an invalid product Id – an Id with a value less than 1 – then you are redirected to the Index() action.
Listing 5 – ProductController.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Public Class ProductController
2: Inherits System.Web.Mvc.Controller
3:
4: Function Index()
5: ' Add action logic here
6: Throw New NotImplementedException()
7: End Function
8:
9: Function Details(ByVal Id As Integer)
10: If Id < 1 Then
11: Return RedirectToAction("Index")
12: End If
13: Dim product As New Product(Id, "Laptop")
14: Return View("Details", product)
15: End Function
16: End Class
You can test the behavior of the Details() action with the unit test in Listing 6. The unit test in Listing 6 verifies that you are redirected to the Index view when an Id with the value -1 is passed to the Details() method.
Listing 6 – ProductControllerTest.vb
[!code-vbMain]
1: Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting
2: Imports System.Web.Mvc
3: Imports Store
4:
5: <TestClass()> Public Class ProductControllerTest
6:
7: <TestMethod()> Public Sub TestDetailsRedirect()
8: Dim controller As New ProductController()
9: Dim result As RedirectToRouteResult = controller.Details(-1)
10: Assert.AreEqual("Index", result.Values("action"))
11: End Sub
12: End Class
When you call the RedirectToAction() method in a controller action, the controller action returns a RedirectToRouteResult. The test checks whether the RedirectToRouteResult will redirect the user to a controller action named Index.
Summary
In this tutorial, you learned how to build unit tests for MVC controller actions. First, you learned how to verify whether the right view is returned by a controller action. You learned how to use the ViewResult.ViewName property to verify the name of a view.
Next, we examined how you can test the contents of View Data. You learned how to check whether the right product was returned in View Data after calling a controller action.
Finally, we discussed how you can test whether different types of action results are returned from a controller action. You learned how to test whether a controller returns a ViewResult or a RedirectToRouteResult.
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